What are the four main fields of Evolutionary Anthropology?

The correct answer highlights four significant areas within Evolutionary Anthropology that are vital in understanding the development and diversity of humans over time. Paleoanthropology focuses on the fossil record and the biological evolution of humans, which is central to tracing our ancestry and understanding the physical changes that have occurred through generations. Human Variation examines how and why humans differ biologically and genetically across various populations, offering insights into adaptation and evolution. Archaeology complements these fields by providing material evidence of past human behavior, cultures, and societal changes, thus linking biological evolution with cultural developments. Finally, Medical Anthropology, though often seen more broadly in anthropology, applies evolutionary perspectives to understand health, disease, and human behavior in different ecological and cultural contexts.

In contrast, the other choices either misrepresent or mix areas that do not strictly fall under the traditional umbrella of Evolutionary Anthropology, such as Forensic Anthropology, which is primarily focused on legal contexts, and Ecology, which, while related to biological studies, does not directly refer to the evolution of human beings specifically as required by the question. This differentiation helps to establish why the chosen answer is the most aligned with the core fields of Evolutionary Anthropology.