What terminology describes asexual reproduction without sperm?

Parthenogenesis is the terminology that accurately describes a form of asexual reproduction where an organism develops from an unfertilized egg, thus occurring without the involvement of sperm. This process is observed in several species, including some reptiles, amphibians, and insects, where females can produce offspring without mating.

In contrast, cloning refers to the creation of genetically identical copies of an organism and typically requires a starting organism from which to clone. Genetic modification involves altering the DNA of an organism, which isn't directly related to reproduction methods. Fission is a type of asexual reproduction commonly seen in single-celled organisms, where a parent organism divides into two or more individuals, but this is distinct from parthenogenesis as it involves cell division rather than egg development without fertilization.