Which of the following traits is associated with class-based societies?

Hereditary leadership is a key trait associated with class-based societies because it reflects the structure and dynamics of power and social hierarchy inherent in these societies. In class-based systems, leadership roles are often passed down through family lines, leading to a concentration of power and resources within certain social groups or families. This transmission of leadership and privilege through generations often reinforces social stratification, wherein those born into higher social classes have greater access to wealth, education, and opportunities, while those in lower classes may face systemic barriers.

In contrast, options like equal distribution of resources and undifferentiated labor roles are more aligned with egalitarian or egalitarian-like societies where there may be less social stratification. Direct democracy, while it can exist in various social systems, is not inherently related to class-based structures, which are typically characterized by inequality and defined social hierarchies.