According to the phylogenetic species concept, how is a species identified?

The phylogenetic species concept identifies a species as the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor and can be distinguished from other such groups. This concept emphasizes the importance of evolutionary relationships and genetic lineage, which allows for a clear understanding of how species are related to one another. By focusing on shared ancestry, the phylogenetic species concept provides a framework for classifying species based on their evolutionary history rather than solely on morphological characteristics or behavior.

This approach is particularly useful in situations where species may not show distinct physical differences but are genetically separate. It highlights that species are defined by their evolutionary pathways and the patterns of divergence that result in distinct populations. This understanding is crucial for studies in evolutionary biology, conservation, and taxonomy, as it helps clarify the complexities of biodiversity.

The other options, while they address various aspects of species or population characteristics, do not align with the fundamental principle of the phylogenetic species concept, which is based on shared ancestry and evolutionary relationships rather than survival, population size, or geographic distribution.