University of Toronto (UofT) University of Toronto ANT100Y1 Introduction to Anthropology Midterm Practice Test

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• What is a distinguishing characteristic of Homo heidelbergensis compared to Homo erectus?
• What characterizes the cranial features of Homo neanderthalensis?
• Which tool tradition is characterized by retouched flakes into various tool types?
• What best describes a Gravette point?
• What is one of the main characteristics of the Clactonian tool tradition?
• What are middens?
• What defines a blade in the context of stone tools?
• What is the primary definition of a "primate-source country"?
• In which epoch did the first definitive primates appear?
• What is antigenic drift associated with?
• What nickname is given to Homo floresiensis?
• What does "cultivars" refer to in anthropology?
• What does hafting refer to in the context of stone tools?
• In cladistics, what happens when a lineage splits?
• Which species of the genus Homo was the first to be discovered outside Africa?
• What is the significance of the term "Paleolithic" in anthropology?
• Which of these primate groups is most closely aligned with early lemurs?
• Which strand of genetic material is primarily involved in translation?
• Which of the following terms describes animal bones with archaeological significance?
• What is the Upper Palaeolithic associated with?
• What materials are the tools from the Mousterian period primarily made of?
• What does a valgus knee imply about an organism's posture?
• In Ranked societies, how do leaders maintain their position?
• In archaeology, what does the term 'matrix' refer to?
• Which civilization collapsed around 800 CE but had a profound influence on future societies in Mesoamerica?
• Which hypothesis suggests that modern primates engaged in leaping rather than slow locomotion?
• What is the defining feature of a Levallois core?
• During which time frame did the Mesolithic Europe occur?
• What does the term 'absolute differences' refer to in anthropology?
• How is a blade distinguished from other stone flake types?
• What is the core belief of the fixity of species?
• What dental traits are commonly found in folivores?
• What function does a burin serve in stone toolmaking?
• How is 'value' distinct from 'significance' in anthropological terms?
• What is Poverty Point known for in archaeological terms?
• What defines an organism's physical appearance or visible traits?
• What distinguishes denticulates from other stone tools?
• Who is recognized as the "father of genetics" for his experiments with pea plants?
• Which term describes animals that are active at dawn and dusk?
• What does absolute dating refer to in archaeology?
• Which of the following characteristics describes the Zapotec civilization?
• What is the ulna known for in the context of human anatomy?
• What is the purpose of gene flow?
• What is a defining characteristic of insectivore dental traits?
• Which of the following statements is true about microblades?
• What does 'daily path length' refer to in primate behavior?
• What characterizes a pebble tool?
• What does "strata" refer to in archaeology?
• Which process involves the copying of DNA sequence into mRNA?
• Which type of cusps are indicative of bunodonty?
• What is an endscraper used for in stone tool technology?
• Bottom-up processes in ecology are primarily influenced by what factor?
• Which of the following hominins is associated with the use of highly sophisticated stone tools?
• What do we call the change in a gene pool of a population due to chance?
• What type of archaeological excavation reveals stratification most effectively?
• To which period do pebble tools, choppers, and flakes belong?
• Which of the following features is common in all primates according to anthropological studies?
• What does sociobiology systematically study?
• What function do telomeres serve at the tips of chromosomes?
• Which species is associated with the Zhoukoudian tool tradition?
• Which characteristic would likely be associated with early primates adapting to life in trees?
• What is the process of making chipped stone artifacts called?
• Which concept is associated with all organisms sharing a common ancestor in the context of cladistics?
• What are some plausible explanations for Upper Palaeolithic cave art?
• What do notches on stone signify in Upper Palaeolithic timekeeping?
• Which specialized role is fostered by elite sponsorship in class-based societies?
• What is one characteristic of all strepsirrhines?
• What is taurodonty characterized by?
• Who co-discovered the theory of natural selection alongside Charles Darwin?
• In primate evolution, what advantage did forward-facing eyes provide?
• What does polygenic inheritance suggest about traits?
• Which mode is associated with the Oldowan tool tradition?
• What is macroevolution?
• What do crop marks in archaeology indicate?
• According to the "Red Queen" Hypothesis, what happens to organisms that do not adapt?
• Which physical adaptation is associated with the presence of nails instead of claws in haplorrhines?
• What are scrapers primarily used for?
• In terms of evolutionary biology, what aspect do the principles of Bergmann’s and Allen’s Rules address?
• Which term refers to the character states involved in evolutionary biology, such as "hair present" or "hair absent"?
• Which term describes the ancient period associated with the development of agriculture?
• Who discovered Kennewick Man?
• During translation, what is the primary action that takes place?
• What major achievement is attributed to the Shang Dynasty in terms of writing?
• Which of the following is a common characteristic of all Tarsiiformes?
• What is the purpose of a thick flake in stone tool technology?
• What significant change occurs when chiefdoms develop into more centralized kingdoms?
• What characteristic is typical of organisms in the Eocene epoch?
• Which writing system is considered the world's first and was developed in Sumer?
• What type of economies support larger populations through increased agriculture?
• Which assumption is NOT part of the three major assumptions of cladistics?
• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of "in situ" artifacts?
• Which artifact period is known for the production of sophisticated stone tools during the Upper Palaeolithic?
• What type of economy was primarily practiced during the Neolithic period?
• What do layers of natural and human-generated deposits in archaeology reveal?
• What does an archaeological survey entail?
• What is solifluction?
• What distinguishes an Acheulean handaxe from other handaxes?
• What is the Clactonian assemblage characterized by?
• What field of study focuses on fossil pollen grains and spores?
• Which of the following species represents the closest relative to modern humans?
• Which of the following best defines a pleiotropic effect?
• What is true about the climate during the Paleocene epoch?
• What describes backed microliths?
• Which of the following epochs is NOT part of the Tertiary period?
• What are the main climatic periods associated with the Pleistocene epoch?
• Which of the following best differentiates lemurs from lorises?
• Where was Homo floresiensis discovered?
• Which feature is essential for the analysis of cranial capacity?
• What outcome is typically associated with bioturbation?
• What is a key characteristic of ranked societies?
• How is discontinuous variation characterized?
• What is one factor cited by Carneiro as influencing the formation of states?
• What does disruptive selection favor?
• What defines a dry nose in haplorrhines?
• What did Carl Linnaeus contribute to the field of biology?
• What does the retouch process involve in stone tool technology?
• Which of the following is not included in the timeline of the Genus Homo?
• What is the approximate age of Kennewick Man as deduced from carbon dating?
• Which species is known for having smaller dentition than Homo erectus?
• Which type of research directly addresses specific, recognized needs?
• What defines a tell site in archaeology?
• What is the first step in the scientific method?
• What are fluted points commonly associated with in North American archaeology?
• What is the function of microblades in stone tool technology?
• What marks the archaeological significance of the spot where Uruk was located?
• Which aspect of archaeology is highlighted by the study of ecofacts?
• Which of the following tool traditions is associated with Africa?
• What does the term "platform" refer to in the context of stone tools?
• What field of study focuses on stone artifacts?
• Which mechanism is NOT part of the evolutionary synthesis?
• What term did Darwin use to refer to the units of inheritance that could be passed on to offspring?
• What is "pressure flaking" in the context of flintknapping?
• What timeframe did the Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan) thrive?
• What term describes the process by which genes are exchanged between populations?
• What term describes many characteristics that are controlled by the same gene?
• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of traditional radiocarbon dating?
• Which physical characteristic is associated with quadrupedalism?
• Which process involves gradual changes in an allele frequency in a population over generations?
• What type of social structure does a clan suggest?
• Which Middle Paleolithic species is primarily found in Europe?
• Histones are essential because they:
• Which civilization is known for an early system of urban planning with sewers?
• What is the purpose of backing in stone tools?
• What does the comparative method in anthropology primarily involve?
• Which of the following mechanisms contributes to variation in physical traits in response to environmental changes?
• What is a characteristic controlled by two or more genes called?
• What term refers to the formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another?
• In the middle Miocene, which characteristic is true of ape-like creatures?
• What type of research method focuses on collecting data about subjects without establishing relationships?
• What is a key feature of cladograms?
• In terms of evolutionary changes, what does the term "rapid change" suggest in the context of punctuated equilibrium?
• What does the term "cathemeral" refer to in terms of animal activity?
• According to Carneiro's theory, what are the factors contributing to the emergence of states?
• What is the retromolar gap associated with?
• In archaeology, what does stratigraphy help to determine?
• What is the primary reproductive strategy represented by parthenogenesis?
• What terminology describes asexual reproduction without sperm?
• What is the term for the idea that geologic processes have remained constant throughout Earth's history?
• What does 'retouch' refer to in the context of flintknapping?
• Which tool is specifically described as used for cutting or chopping?
• What does a flake scar represent?
• Which tools are associated with the Mousterian period?
• From which species is Homo floresiensis derived according to evolutionary theory?
• What are the two types of techniques used in flintknapping?
• Which Homo species is believed to have coexisted with early Homo sapiens?
• What is a key feature of macroevolutionary changes?
• Which stone tool has a pointed, oval shape and is used as a core?
• What describes progressive co-evolution?
• What does the term 'relative differences' refer to in biological taxonomy?
• The analysis of human skeletal remains falls under which field?
• What is a Mousterian sidescraper primarily used for?
• What is the Mesolithic Era known for?
• What advantage do satellite images provide to archaeologists?
• What was the first and largest city of ancient Mesopotamia?
• In terms of philopatry, how do females compare to males?
• What does the phrase 'the dawn of stone tools' refer to?
• Which of the following does NOT describe the theory of catastrophism?
• What feature is associated with arboreal quadrupeds?
• Which of the following statements is true about the Shang Dynasty in China?
• What technique is primarily used in the Mousterian tool tradition?
• Which hominin species is known to be the first to leave Africa?
• What is the function of relative dating in archaeology?
• Continuous variation is best described as?
• Disruptive selection can lead to which of the following outcomes?
• Which term refers to the first people to inhabit North America during the late Pleistocene?
• What feature indicates a bipedal gait, as seen in Australopithecus afarensis?
• In terms of ecological variation, what do ecogeographic patterns illustrate?
• What is AMS in the context of radiocarbon dating?
• Which of the following periods is NOT part of the Holocene?
• Where is the foramen magnum located in apes compared to humans?
• Which period follows the Paleocene in the geological timeline?
• Which of the following Homo species was discovered in Indonesia and is known for its small stature?
• What is the difference between descriptive research and causal research?
• What are ischial callosities?
• Which classification system is based on common ancestry?
• What does the term "percussion flaking" refer to in flintknapping?
• What anatomical feature can be measured to estimate cranial capacity?
• What is the concept of Lamarckian blending?
• What is the goal of archaeological development fieldwork?
• What describes the Olmec civilization's role in Mesoamerica?
• Which of the following correctly defines directional selection?
• Which period is characterized by the Chatelperonnian artifacts?
• What is the primary outcome of gene flow within populations?
• What does the "Clovis First" hypothesis suggest?
• What is the main idea behind the fixity of species?
• How many amino acids are known to combine to form proteins?
• What are Ranked (Type 1) societies characterized by?
• What does the term "stereoscopic vision" refer to in primates?
• What process involves striking stone with a hard or soft hammer in the context of stone tool production?
• What is the function of the retinal fovea found in some primates?
• Leaping quadrupeds are characterized by which of the following?
• According to the phylogenetic species concept, how is a species identified?
• What significant feature distinguished the Uruk Period from earlier periods?
• What is a defining feature of sedentism in Prehistoric societies?
• Who is known for their work on genetic inheritance using pea plants?
• What is antigenetic shift?
• What species does Homo habilis refer to?
• What is a key characteristic of Mode 1 tools?
• Which animals are classified as strepsirrhines?
• In the study of early primate evolution, which of the following is significant for their adaptation?
• Which scientist is known for his theory of evolution through natural selection?
• What effect does the bottleneck effect have on a population's genetic diversity?
• Which event marks the late Miocene period in primate evolution?
• Who were the Cro Magnon people in the context of human history?
• In flintknapping, what does the term 'pressure flaking' refer to?
• What characterizes the Mesolithic period in terms of human development?
• What occurs during transcription?
• Which Genus Homo species is known for possibly exhibiting the first signs of tool-making?
• Which term describes the different conditions in which a character can exist, such as "hair present" vs. "hair absent"?
• Which evolutionary trait would aid in bipedal locomotion in humans?
• What does bioturbation refer to?
• Which Genus Homo species is thought to have first migrated out of Africa?
• Which of the following best defines the term 'Lower Paleolithic'?
• What is the key feature distinguishing trauma from bone lesions?
• What is the definition of microevolution?
• At what time of day do Catarrhines typically exhibit activity?
• What is the term for a specific kind of allopatric speciation where a few individuals disperse to a remote location and evolve separately?
• What are the two superfamilies of strepsirrhines?
• What role does helicase play in DNA processes?
• Who proposed the concept of the Earth being millions of years old based on geological findings?
• What does the term seriation refer to in archaeology?
• Which muscle is NOT one of the four primary chewing muscles?
• What is brachiation primarily associated with?
• What is the primary purpose of a potlach ceremony?
• What does the term "unifacial" refer to in tool making?
• What does "postorbital closure" indicate in primates?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the five artifact periods in Upper Palaeolithic Europe?
• What describes a Levallois flake?
• How did Herbert Spencer influence the field of sociology?
• What characteristic distinguishes bipedalism from quadrupedalism?
• Which term describes the genetic makeup of an organism?
• What is the definition of 'day range' in primatology?
• What is significant about Kennewick Man?
• What method was used for timekeeping in the Upper Palaeolithic?
• Which feature is characteristic of haplorrhines?
• What characteristic is associated with the big toe in early hominins?
• Who was the first to observe adaptation in species?
• In the context of stone tools, what is the main use of a finely retouched blade?
• What does the term "sedentism" refer to?
• What is the relationship between molar size and body size in primates?
• What is the main purpose of molars in frugivores?
• Which scientist is associated with the concept of catastrophism?
• What is indicated by a strong supraorbital torus?
• What is the significance of Laetoli footprints in archaeological studies?
• Which type of excavation is most effective for understanding the arrangement of archaeological features?
• What is a defining feature of the Pleistocene epoch?
• What are ecofacts in archaeology?
• What is the focus of applied research in Anthropology?
• What significant development is associated with the Pliocene epoch?
• Which of the following describes the Levallois technique?
• Which stone tool was primarily intended for detailed work on organic materials?
• How are archaeological artifacts classified?
• Somatic cells are defined as:
• What type of edge does an endscraper typically have?
• What evolutionary theory posits that species evolve through numerous small changes over a long period?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the four defining features of primates?
• What is a characteristic feature of the genus Australopithecus afarensis?
• Which ecological concept describes the interaction between the physical environment and organisms?
• What type of materials is traditional radiocarbon dating most effective for dating?
• Which skeletal feature indicates a male pelvis?
• Where were early hominin fossils predominantly found?
• What is one of the primary protective functions of skin pigmentation in relation to UVR?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the three postulates of Darwinian evolution?
• What defines "in situ" artifacts in archaeology?
• Which of the following best describes horizontal excavations in archaeology?
• Which of the following features is associated with Homo neanderthalensis?
• What are the three infraorders of haplorrhines?
• What characterizes a Mousterian backed knife?
• Which epoch is known for having the first early primate ancestors?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the three theories of skin pigmentation distribution patterns?
• Which family of primates is associated with monkey-like properties found in China?
• Which field of study examines biological evolution in humans and non-human primates?
• During which period did elite control of pottery and obsidian trade occur in Mesopotamia?
• What aspect does Forensic Anthropology specialize in?
• What is a characteristic of the Achulean handaxe?
• What can the retromolar gap reveal about an individual's ancestry?
• What is the primary focus of Medical Anthropology?
• What is a primary feature of the Achulean tool tradition?
• What is one potential limitation of the Grasping-Leaping Hypothesis?
• Which characteristic is unique to haplorrhines compared to strepsirrhines?
• What do we call groups that include an ancestral species and all of its descendants?
• Which feature is associated with the transition from apes to humans during the Pliocene epoch?
• During which epoch did the first stone tools emerge?
• What is co-speciation?
• What is a defining feature of the Eocene epoch in relation to primate evolution?
• Which species is famously known as "Lucy"?
• What type of analysis could archaeologists use to understand past agricultural practices?
• Fluted points, such as Clovis points, are mainly associated with which period?
• In stone tool terminology, what is a nodule?
• What is a hybrid zone?
• What is a perforator on a blade primarily used for?
• Which type of anthropological study uses findings to implement practical solutions?
• What concept did Georges Cuvier primarily contribute to?
• What does binomial nomenclature refer to?
• What does the biological species concept define?
• What does causal research seek to establish?
• What does the radius bone correspond to in terms of anatomical location?
• What does "provenience" inform archaeologists about an artifact?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the four Eocene primate groups?
• Protein synthesis involves which two main stages?
• What is a flake in stone tool production?
• What defines the Neolithic period?
• Which hypothesis suggests that modern humans evolved from archaic sapiens in Africa and then spread globally?
• What does the male pelvis generally feature compared to the female pelvis?
• What is a characteristic of suspensory quadrupeds?
• Which of these hominins is known for the practice of burial and floral offerings?
• What aspect of a flake ensures it can be effectively used?
• Which scientist developed a theory suggesting organisms could pass characteristics through an "unknown nervous fluid"?
• Who were claimed rights to Kennewick Man in various disagreements?
• What does the term "Mesolithic" refer to in the context of the Stone Age?
• What type of cells primarily undergo somatic cell division?
• What does speciation refer to?
• What is the main function of the taxonomic system of classification?
• Which dating method is used specifically to date volcanic rock or ash deposits?
• What major development is associated with the Ubaid Period in Mesopotamia?
• Which hypothesis posits that primate ancestors adapted visually to hunt in treetop environments?
• Biogeography primarily investigates what elements?
• During which epoch did the first primates appear?
• What are archaeological artifacts?
• What is meant by the term "mosaic evolution"?
• According to the arboreal theory, what adaptation did early primates undergo?
• What does the temporal fossa represent in the skull?
• Which of the following is not a cause of mutations?
• During the early Miocene, where were monkeys and apes primarily located?
• What time frame corresponds to the Halafian Period?
• What does variation in fitness imply in the context of natural selection?
• Which of the following adaptations is NOT associated with the Angiosperm Co-evolution Hypothesis?
• What term describes the ability of one genotype to produce multiple phenotypes based on environmental conditions?
• What does the term "stratigraphic deposit" refer to in archaeology?
• Which of the following statements is true about genotype?
• Which of these Homo species is also known as the "Handy Man"?
• What term refers to the reproductive cells in an organism?
• Which dental trait distinguishes frugivores?
• What does NAGPRA stand for?
• What does the term "arboreal behavior" refer to in early hominins?
• What adaptation is suggested by changes in dental/cranial features in Homo sapiens?
• What type of locomotion does the term "halix" refer to?
• Which category do humans belong to within the primate classification?
• Which of the following adaptations is NOT typically found in leaping quadrupeds?
• What differentiates a shouldered point in stone tool technology?
• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of arboreal quadrupeds?
• Which primate feature is NOT a characteristic of Catarrhines?
• What type of processes are affected by the presence and behavior of consumers in an ecosystem?
• Which type of speciation occurs when a physical barrier creates large, separated populations that can no longer interbreed?
• Which adaptation mechanism is suggested by Bergmann's Rule for animals in different climates?
• Who is known as the Father of taxonomy?
• Which concept refers to the macroevolutionary changes occurring on a large scale?
• Which tool type does not have features associated with handaxes from the Zhoukoudian tradition?
• What is the purpose of the centromere in a chromosome?
• Which of the following species is often referred to as the "tool maker" of the Genus Homo?
• What aspect of the Mesolithic Era is crucial to its definition?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the six attributes shared by all states?
• In stabilizing selection, which individuals have the highest fitness?
• What diagram shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms?
• What does a catalogue number indicate in a collection?
• What is the significance of bone lesions?
• Which feature characterizes terrestrial quadrupeds?
• What feature is common in tools associated with H. erectus?
• Which species is known as the first hominin found in Europe?
• Which three primate taxonomic groups are classified within the Oligocene epoch?
• Which evolutionary theory is opposed to Darwinian evolution due to its idea of perfect blending?
• In terms of dating methods, what does 'method of assigning dates in chronological years' primarily describe?
• What does the acronym UVR stand for in the context of skin pigmentation?
• Which of the following is considered the wild ancestor of maize?
• Which of the following is NOT considered a robust australopithecine?
• What is the significance of the Olmec civilization in Mesoamerica?
• According to Bergmann's Rule, why do larger bodies typically adapt to cold environments?
• What does Primatology primarily focus on?
• What epochs does the Paleocene stretch through?
• What are the four main fields of Evolutionary Anthropology?
• What does the cortex refer to on a stone tool?
• Which of the following is considered an archaeological feature?
• Which Middle Paleolithic location was home to H. Denisova?
• What is LIDAR used for in archaeology?
• What is one reason for the evolution of bipedalism?
• In archaeology, what does the term "provenience" specifically refer to?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the five described Australopithecines?
• Which tool is specifically used to knock flakes from cores?
• What distinguishes Homo rudolfensis from other hominids?
• What is the purpose of an archaeological site grid?
• What is the founder effect in genetic drift?
• According to the Multiregional Hypothesis, which species is considered a common ancestor of modern humans?
• What is a distinguishing feature of Omomyidae?
• What are phytoliths?
• What are Adapidae generally considered to be?
• What is the role of a type specimen in taxonomy?
• Which group of primates is known as the New World monkeys?
• In stone tool making, what is a "prepared core"?
• What does the term "Applied Anthropology" refer to?
• Which of the following accurately describes Platyrrhines?
• What are lithics primarily composed of?
• What stone tools are characteristic of the Achulean period?
• Why might an organism with folivorous diets evolve particular dental traits?
• Which of the following describes the concept of genetic drift?
• What does the concept of punctuated equilibrium refer to in evolutionary theory?
• Which of the following best describes natural selection?
• Which of the following adaptations is NOT associated with bipedalism?
• Which concept emphasizes the combined action of multiple mechanisms of change in evolution?
• Who coined the term "Survival of the Fittest" in relation to human societies?
• What happens to DNA after it is unwound by helicase?
• How are Old World monkeys and apes categorized scientifically?
• Which family includes great apes and humans?
• What is the correct sequence of stages in mitosis?
• What characterized Mesolithic Europe?
• Which period is recognized for the establishment of the first cities and states in the world?
• Which law addresses the repatriation of Native American cultural items?
• What characterizes directional selection?
• What occurs in escalatory co-evolution?
• What does the Wallace line denote in biogeographical studies?
• What is the primary focus of the science of geophysics as it relates to archaeology?
• Amino acids are best described as:
• Which of the following is a form of speciation that does NOT require geographic isolation?
• Which group of ancestors is associated with the Paleocene epoch?
• What does Allen's Rule state regarding mammals living in cold climates?
• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of strepsirrhines?
• Which species was identified as a sister group to Neanderthals?
• Which of the following best defines human variation?
• What is meant by diphyodonty in dental development?
• What is one of the main purposes of Upper Palaeolithic cave art according to various theories?
• What defines an egalitarian society?
• What differentiates "selection of" from "selection for"?
• What is the primary function of the Abbevillian handaxe?
• When did Homo sapiens first appear in Africa?
• Which Australopithecine species is known for having a gorilla-like shoulder blade?
• What are two main features that characterize Homo sapiens?
• What major structure is associated with Teotihuacan?
• What are the three Lower Paleolithic tool traditions mentioned?
• What were "first generation states" most notable for?
• Which primate group is characterized by being arboreal and having tails?
• Which characteristics are associated with Catarrhines?
• What is a core in stone tool terminology?
• Which field is concerned with the interplay of social, environmental, and biological factors in health?
• What defines an archaeological site?
• What does the concept of fitness refer to in biology?
• What does forest fragmentation refer to?
• Which adaptation is primarily associated with the need to consume fruit in primate evolution?
• Which of the following traits is associated with class-based societies?
• Which tool is specifically designed to fit into grooved handles?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the three ways population genetics can change?
• Which species of the genus Homo was known for its ability to control fire?
• Which of the following concepts focuses on genetic contributions to future generations?
• What geological features are described as moraines?
• What does the bottleneck effect lead to?
• What method do vertical excavations primarily utilize in archaeology?
• What does it mean for a species to be endemic?
• Oligopithecidae is notable for which of the following characteristics?
• What defines a microblade in stone tool technology?
• What function does a chopper typically serve in stone tool technology?
• What is usually the result of stabilizing selection in a population?
• How many gracile australopithecines are recognized?
• What concept suggests that the same natural processes observable today have also operated in the past?
• What is the primary distinction between archaeology and heritage?
• What modern-day city is built upon the ruins of Tenochitlan?
• What are chemical signatures in archaeology?
• Who were the Nafutians?
• What role do pit and post structures play in archaeology?
• Which term best describes societies where power and resources are funneled to elites?