How are archaeological artifacts classified?

Archaeological artifacts are classified based on shared characteristics because this method allows researchers to categorize items according to specific criteria that can be observed, measured, and analyzed. These shared characteristics may include material composition, manufacturing techniques, stylistic features, and functional attributes. By grouping artifacts in this way, archaeologists can identify patterns that provide insights into past human behavior, cultural practices, and technological developments.

While classification based on color and texture could provide some superficial information about an artifact, it would not yield the comprehensive understanding needed in archaeological studies. Similarly, categorizing artifacts by the date of their discovery or geographical origin brings important context, but it does not provide a systematic framework for analysis that reveals deeper connections and trends within the cultural and historical narratives being investigated. Shared characteristics allow for a more cohesive and meaningful classification scheme that can lead to broader interpretations of archaeological findings.