What does Primatology primarily focus on?

Primatology primarily focuses on the study of our living non-human primate relatives. This field encompasses a variety of aspects related to primates, including their behavior, social structures, ecology, and evolutionary biology. Through the study of non-human primates such as monkeys, apes, and lemurs, primatologists gain insights into their cognitive functions, communication strategies, and the evolutionary connections between primates and humans. This research can also yield valuable information regarding conservation efforts and the impacts of human activity on primate habitats.

The other options pertain to different areas of study. The examination of ancient human civilizations falls under archaeology or anthropology, while the biological evolution of non-human species is a component of evolutionary biology that is broader than just primates. Analysis of human skeletal remains is typically associated with forensic anthropology or bioarchaeology, focusing specifically on human subjects. Therefore, the concentration of primatology on our living non-human primate relatives distinctly sets it apart from these other fields.