What does the Wallace line denote in biogeographical studies?

The Wallace line is a key concept in biogeography that represents the boundary separating distinct ecozones of Asian and Australian species. It runs between Bali and Lombok, as well as between Borneo and Sulawesi, illustrating how geographic barriers can lead to significant differences in species distribution. This line is named after the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace, who noted the striking differences in fauna on either side of the line.

The significance of this demarcation lies in its demonstration of how tectonic activity and geographic isolation contribute to the evolution of species. The area to the west of the line is characterized by species typical of the Asian region, whereas to the east, one finds species that are more closely related to those in Australia. This clear distinction underscores the impact of geographic factors on biodiversity and the evolutionary processes that shape the flora and fauna of these regions. Understanding the Wallace line is crucial for comprehending how physical landscapes influence biological diversity and the distribution of species across the globe.