What is the purpose of the centromere in a chromosome?

The centromere plays a critical role in the proper segregation of chromosomes during cell division, specifically in the processes of mitosis and meiosis. It serves as the region where sister chromatids, which are the duplicated forms of a chromosome, are held together after DNA replication. This attachment at the centromere is vital for the chromosomes to align correctly on the spindle apparatus, ensuring that each daughter cell receives the exact genetic material.

In addition, the centromere is the site where spindle fibers attach during cell division, which is crucial for the separation of chromatids. This separation is necessary for genetic continuity and stability in the resulting cells. Thus, the role of the centromere is inherently linked to the organization and distribution of genetic information during cell division, which is why this answer is accurate.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the primary function of the centromere. While DNA replication occurs throughout the chromosome, it is not specifically tied to the centromere. The protection of chromosome ends is the primary function of telomeres, not centromeres. Lastly, centromeres do not play a direct role in protein synthesis; that process occurs at ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Hence, the correct answer emphasizes