Which type of research directly addresses specific, recognized needs?

The correct answer is applied research because it specifically focuses on solving practical problems and addressing recognized needs within communities or specific contexts. This type of research is typically conducted to find solutions to real-world issues, improve practices, or inform policy decisions.

Applied research often builds on theoretical insights from previous studies but is distinguished by its aim to have direct applicability and impact. For example, applied research in anthropology might involve studying the cultural practices of a community to inform public health campaigns or educational programs.

In contrast, descriptive research primarily aims to provide an account or description of a phenomenon rather than solve a problem. A causal approach seeks to identify cause-and-effect relationships between variables, while exploratory research is used to investigate new areas where little prior knowledge exists. Both descriptive and exploratory research can help inform applied research but do not directly address specific, recognized needs in the same way.